| While there are many aspects of a building's indoor environmental quality, providing safe air to breathe is an essential requirement. Indoor air quality (IAQ) refers to the air quality within and around buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants. | 虽然建筑室内环境质量涉及多个方面，但提供可安全呼吸的空气是基本要求。室内空气质量（IAQ）是指建筑和构筑物内部及周围的空气质量，特别是其与建筑使用者的健康和舒适度的关系。 |
| A building's IAQ is impacted first by the sources of pollution in and around it, and then by how the building manages airflow. Outdoor air pollution impacts IAQ since harmful contaminants may make their way inside the building. The worse the outdoor air, the greater the risk of poor indoor air. There are also many potential sources of pollution inside buildings, from both materials and activities. | 建筑的室内空气质量首先受其内部及周边污染源的影响，其次受建筑管理气流方式的影响。室外空气污染会影响室内空气质量，因为有害污染物可能会进入建筑内部。室外空气越差，室内空气质量不良的风险就越大。建筑内部也存在许多潜在的污染源，来源于材料和活动。 |
| Example sources of pollution (in buildings): | 建筑内污染源示例： |
| • Vehicle exhaust | • 汽车尾气 |
| • Smoking/vaping | • 吸烟/电子烟 |
| • Building materials | • 建筑材料 |
| • Cleaning products | • 清洁产品 |
| • Combustion processes | • 燃烧过程 |
| • Mold | • 霉菌 |
| • Soil under the building | • 建筑下方土壤 |
| • Viruses | • 病毒 |
| • Wildfire smoke | • 野火烟雾 |
| Green Building Strategies | 绿色建筑策略 |
| Green buildings implement strategies to provide healthy IAQ, including: | 绿色建筑实施多项策略以提供健康的室内空气质量，包括： |
| • Source control, which refers to eliminating sources of harm, such as contaminants that threaten indoor air quality. Source control is the most effective way to reduce indoor air pollutants. In other words, the best way to remove pollutants from a space is not to bring them inside to begin with. | • 源头控制，即消除危害源，例如威胁室内空气质量的污染物。源头控制是减少室内空气污染物最有效的方法。换言之，从空间中去除污染物的最佳方法是从一开始就不将它们带入。 |
| • Ventilation, which refers to the exchange of air between the indoors and outdoors. As discussed in Chapter 8: Energy and Atmosphere, some buildings use passive architectural features for natural ventilation. However, most buildings require mechanical ventilation, which uses electrical equipment, such as ducts, fans, and vents, to manage airflow. | • 通风，即室内与室外之间的空气交换。如第8章：能源与大气中所讨论的，一些建筑使用被动式建筑设计实现自然通风。然而，大多数建筑需要机械通风，使用管道、风机和通风口等电气设备来管理气流。 |
| • Filtration, which refers to removing pollutants from the air. Every mechanical ventilation system includes air filters, which physically remove pollutants as air flows through them. HVAC systems filter outdoor air as well as recirculated indoor air. Standalone portable air cleaners can also be used to filter the air in specific indoor spaces. | • 过滤，即从空气中去除污染物。每个机械通风系统都包括空气过滤器，当空气流过时能够物理去除污染物。暖通空调系统既过滤室外空气，也过滤再循环的室内空气。独立便携式空气净化器也可用于过滤特定室内空间的空气。 |
| • Moisture control within building systems (e.g., mechanical systems, plumbing systems, the building envelope) and interior finishes to prevent mold growth. | • 对建筑系统（如机械系统、管道系统、建筑围护结构）和内部饰面进行湿度控制，以防止霉菌生长。 |
| • Routine cleaning and pest management that avoids introducing additional hazards. | • 避免引入额外危害的日常清洁和虫害管理。 |
| • Ongoing monitoring of air quality to ensure that good IAQ is maintained over time. | • 持续监测空气质量，以确保良好的室内空气质量能够长期保持。 |