| Carbon emissions from building projects come from two primary sources: operational carbon and embodied carbon. |
建筑项目的碳排放来自两个主要来源：运营碳和隐含碳。 |
| Operational carbon emissions result from the day-to-day operation of the project, including from on-site combustion and grid-supplied electricity. These emissions are ongoing throughout the building's lifetime. |
运营碳排放来自项目日常运营，包括现场燃烧和电网供电产生的排放。这些排放贯穿建筑整个使用寿命。 |
| Embodied carbon emissions arise from the manufacturing, transportation, installation, maintenance, and disposal of the materials used in building projects. Unlike operational carbon, embodied carbon is largely determined at the point of construction. |
隐含碳排放来自建筑项目中使用的材料在制造、运输、安装、维护和处置过程中产生的排放。与运营碳不同，隐含碳在很大程度上在施工时就已确定。 |
| Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (also known as carbon emissions) refer to the release of gases that trap solar energy (heat) in Earth's atmosphere and prevent that heat from bouncing back into space. This is called the greenhouse effect. |
温室气体（GHG）排放（也称为碳排放）是指将太阳能量（热量）截留在地球大气中并阻止其反射回太空的气体的释放。这被称为温室效应。 |
| Green building strategies for reducing carbon emissions include: |
减少碳排放的绿色建筑策略包括： |
| • Reducing operational carbon through energy efficiency, building electrification, and renewable energy |
• 通过能效提升、建筑电气化和可再生能源减少运营碳 |
| • Reducing embodied carbon through material selection, material efficiency, and circular economy approaches |
• 通过材料选择、材料效率和循环经济方法减少隐含碳 |
| • Conducting whole-building life-cycle assessments to understand total carbon impact |
• 进行全建筑生命周期评估以了解总碳影响 |
| • Setting carbon reduction targets early in the integrative process |
• 在整合过程早期设定碳减排目标 |